WHAT IS WILMS TUMORS
Wilms tumors are a rare kidney cancer that affects children primarily.
Also known as nephroblastoma, Wilms tumor is the most common cancer in children. Wilms tumors often affect 3 to 4 years of age and become very less after 5 years of age.
Wilms tumors are often only in one kidney, although it can sometimes be found in both kidneys at the same time.
The diagnosis and treatment of Wilms tumors has improved the diagnosis of disease of children with this disease. The approach is very good for most children with Wilms tumors.
Symptoms
Wilms tumors do not always cause signs and symptoms. Children with Wilms tumors may appear healthy, or they may experience:
Stomach swelling
A stomach mass that you can feel
stomach ache
fever
Blood in urine
When to see doctor
Make an appointment with your child's doctor if you notice any signs or symptoms that you worry about. The signs and symptoms associated with Wilms tumor are not specific for the condition and there is more chance of being due to something else.
reason
It is unclear what is the reason for Wilms tumors.
Doctors know that the cancer begins when cells develop errors in their DNA. Errors allow cells to grow and break arbitrarily and survive when other cells die. Accumulated cells form a tumor. In Wilms tumor, this process is in kidney cells.
In small numbers, errors in DNA that cause Wilms tumor, reach parents from parents. In most cases, there is no known relationship between parents and children, which can lead to cancer.
The risk
Factors that increase the risk of Wilms tumors include:
getting a tan. Black children have little risk of development of Wilms tumors compared to children of other races. Children of Asiatic Disease show less risk than children of other castes.
Wilms tumors have a family history. If there is a Wilms tumor in your child's family, then your child increases the risk of developing the disease.
Wilms tumor occurs more frequently in children with some abnormalities present at birth, including:
Aniridia In this situation, iris - the colorful part of the eye - is only partially or not formed at all.
Hemihypertrophy A condition that occurs when one side of the body is big enough on the other side.
Obsolete testicle One or both testes fail to fall into the scrotum (cryptychidism).
Hypoglycemia Opening the ureter is not at the tip of the penis but rather downwards.
Wilms may have a tumor as part of a rare syndrome, which includes:
WAGR syndrome. This syndrome includes Wilms tumors, anteridia, abnormalities of genitalia and urinary system, and mental retardation.
Dennis-Dras Syndrome This syndrome includes Wilms tumor, kidney disease and men's pseudoharmamaphraditism, in which a boy is born with the testicles, but the female can exhibit characteristics.
Beckwith-Wiedeman Syndrome Symptoms of this syndrome include the abdominal organs that spread on the basis of the umbilical cord, a large tongue (macroglosia) and increased internal organs.
Preparing for your application
Start by making an appointment with your family doctor or your child's pediatrician if your child has symptoms or symptoms that concern you. If your child has detected Wilms tumor, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of oncologist or a surgeon, who specializes in kidney surgery (urologist).
Because appointments can be abbreviated, and there is often too much ground to cover, it is a good idea to be well prepared. Here's some information to help you get prepared and what to expect from your doctor.
What can you do
Make a list of all the medicines, vitamins and supplements that your child is taking.
Ask a family member or friend to come with you. Sometimes it may be difficult to remember all information provided during the appointment. A person accompanying you can miss something that you forgot or forgot.
Write the questions asked by the doctor.
Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions will help you to maximize your time. List your questions from the most important to the least important if the time ends. For Wilms tumors, there are some basic questions to ask your doctor:
What is the most likely cause of my child's symptoms?
Are there other possible causes of these symptoms?
What type of tests do my child need? Do these tests require any special preparation?
What condition of my child's cancer is?
What treatments are available, and what do you recommend?
What types of side effects can I have with each treatment?
Is there a substitute for the primary approach that you are recommending?
Will I need to restrict the activity of my child or change his diet during the treatment?
What is my child's disease?
Will the cancer come back?
Is there a brochure or other printed material that I can take with me? Which websites do you recommend?
In addition to the questions prepared to ask your doctor, do not hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment.
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor has the possibility to ask your many questions. Being ready to answer them, you can reserve time to go to the points on which you want to spend more time. Your doctor may ask:
When did you notice your child's first symptoms?
Is there a history of cancer, including childhood cancer in your child's family?
Does your child have any family history of birth defects, especially of genital or urinary tract?
TESTS and DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose Wilm's tumor, your child's doctor may recommend:
A physical examination. Doctor Wilms will seek potential signs of tumor.
Blood and urine test. Wilms tumors can not be detected by blood tests, but they can provide to your child's doctor with the overall assessment of your child's health.
Imaging testing. Your child's kidney image test can help your doctor determine whether your child has a tumor in the kidney. Imaging tests may include ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Surgery If your child has a tumor in the kidney, your doctor may recommend removing the tumor or whole kidney, so that the tumor is cancerous. Deleted tissue is analyzed in a laboratory to determine whether cancer is present and what types of cells are included. This surgery can also work as Wilms tumor treatment.
Scaffolding
Once your child's doctor has diagnosed Wilms tumors, he works to determine the range (stage) of cancer. Your child's doctor can recommend chest x-ray, chest CT scan and bone scan so that it can be ascertained whether the cancer spreads beyond the kidneys or not.
The doctor provides a stage for your child's cancer, which helps in determining treatment options. The steps of the Wilms tumor are:
Stage I. Cancer is found only in one kidney and can usually be removed completely with surgery.
Stage II. Cancer has spread to tissues and structures near the affected kidneys, such as fat or blood vessels, but it can still be completely removed by surgery.
Stage III. The cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or other structures within the stomach beyond the area of the kidney, and it can not be completely removed by surgery.
Step IV Cancer has spread to distant structures, such as the lungs, liver, bones or brain.
Stage V. Cancer cells are found in both kidneys.
Treatment and practice
Treatment of Wilms tumors usually involves surgery and chemotherapy. But treatments can vary from the stage of cancer. Because this type of cancer is rare, so your doctor can advise that you take treatment at the children's cancer center, which has experience of treating this type of cancer.
Surgery to remove all or part of a kidney
Treatment of Wilms tumors usually begins with surgery to remove all or part of the kidney or nephrctomy. Surgery is also used to confirm the diagnosis, because the tissue extracted during surgery is sent to the laboratory to determine whether it is cancer.
Wilms can join the surgery for tumors:
Removing part of affected kidneys Partial nephrectomy involves the removal of the tumor and part of the kidney tissue surrounding it. Partial nephrectomy may be an option if your child's cancer is very small or if your child has only one kidney.
Removing affected kidneys and surrounding tissue In a radical nephrectomy, doctors remove kidneys and surrounding tissues, including urinary tract and adrenal gland. Neighboring lymph nodes can also be removed. The remaining kidney can increase its capacity and take up the entire work of filtering blood.
Removing all or some parts of the kidneys If your child has cancer for both kidneys, then the surgeon works to remove more cancer from both kidneys. In a small number, this could mean removing both kidneys, which means that your child will then go through kidney dialysis. A kidney transplant can be an option so your child does not need dialysis.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy treatment usually involves a combination of medicines that work together to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be taken through a vein or in the form of pill.
The experience of your child depends on which side effect of which medicines are used. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hair fall and frequent infections. Ask your child's doctor what side effects can occur during treatment, and if there are potentially long-term complications.
Chemotherapy can be used before surgery to make tumors easier to shrink and remove. Chemotherapy can be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells, which can remain in the body. Chemotherapy may also be an option for children whose cancer is advanced to remove completely with surgery.
Chemotherapy is given before children who have cancer in both kidneys. This may be more likely that surgeons can save at least one kidney to preserve the kidney function.
radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancers.
During radiation therapy, your child is stationed on a table and a large machine revolves around your child, which targets energy rays on cancer. Possible side effects include irritation of skin like nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and sunburn.
Radiation therapy can be used after surgery to kill deleted cancer cells during operation. Radiation therapy can also be an option to control cancer, which has spread to other areas of the body, where cancer spreads.
clinical trials
Your child's doctor may advise you to take part in clinical trials. These research studies give your child opportunities in the latest cancer cases, but they can not guarantee the treatment.
Discuss the benefits and risks of clinical trials with your child's doctor. Most children with cancerous blood in a clinical trial. However, enrollment in a clinical trial depends on you and your child.
Life and work of home
Wilms tumors can not be stopped by you or your baby.
If your child has signs and symptoms that increase the risk of Wilms tumor, your child's doctor may advise kidney ultrasound from time to time to see kidney abnormalities. While this screening can not prevent Wilms tumors, it can help in detecting the disease in the early stages, when the treatment is most likely to succeed.
Copying and supporting
Here are some suggestions from which you can guide your family:
To keep your child while waiting for you, bring a favorite toy or book for a visit to the office or clinic.
If possible, stay with your child during testing or treatment. Use the words to understand what it will be to understand.
Include time to play in your child's schedule. Playing in the hospital can be a useful outlet. In major hospitals there is usually a playroom for children who have treatment. Often members of the Playroom staff are part of the treatment team and take training in child development, entertainment, psychology or social work. If your child should stay in his room, then an entertainer or child-life worker may be available to go to bed.
Monitor the energy level of your child's hospital. If he feels well, then encourage involvement in regular activities. Occasionally your child will feel tired or unlisted, especially after chemotherapy or radiation, so also give time for adequate rest.
Keep a daily record of your child's situation at home - body temperature, energy level, sleeping methods, administered drugs and any side effects. Share this information with your child's doctor.
Plan a normal diet until your child's doctor otherwise suggests. Prepare a favorite meal whenever possible. If your child is undergoing chemotherapy, then his appetite may be reduced. Ensure that the intake of fluid is increased in order to combat the reduction in consumption of solid food.
Encourage good oral hygiene for your child. Rash of the mouth can be helpful for areas with lesions or bleeding. Use lip balm or petroleum jelly to calm torn lips. Ideally, your child should have the necessary dental care before treatment starts. Check with your child's doctor before deciding to visit the dentist.
Check with the doctor before any vaccination, because the immune system is affected by cancer.
Be prepared to talk about your illness with your other children. Tell them about the changes they can see in their siblings, such as hair fall and swinging energy.
Ask for support from the clinic or hospital staff. Find organizations for parents of cancer children. Parents who are already through it, can provide encouragement and hope, as well
Wilms tumors are a rare kidney cancer that affects children primarily.
Also known as nephroblastoma, Wilms tumor is the most common cancer in children. Wilms tumors often affect 3 to 4 years of age and become very less after 5 years of age.
Wilms tumors are often only in one kidney, although it can sometimes be found in both kidneys at the same time.
The diagnosis and treatment of Wilms tumors has improved the diagnosis of disease of children with this disease. The approach is very good for most children with Wilms tumors.
Symptoms
Wilms tumors do not always cause signs and symptoms. Children with Wilms tumors may appear healthy, or they may experience:
Stomach swelling
A stomach mass that you can feel
stomach ache
fever
Blood in urine
When to see doctor
Make an appointment with your child's doctor if you notice any signs or symptoms that you worry about. The signs and symptoms associated with Wilms tumor are not specific for the condition and there is more chance of being due to something else.
reason
It is unclear what is the reason for Wilms tumors.
Doctors know that the cancer begins when cells develop errors in their DNA. Errors allow cells to grow and break arbitrarily and survive when other cells die. Accumulated cells form a tumor. In Wilms tumor, this process is in kidney cells.
In small numbers, errors in DNA that cause Wilms tumor, reach parents from parents. In most cases, there is no known relationship between parents and children, which can lead to cancer.
The risk
Factors that increase the risk of Wilms tumors include:
getting a tan. Black children have little risk of development of Wilms tumors compared to children of other races. Children of Asiatic Disease show less risk than children of other castes.
Wilms tumors have a family history. If there is a Wilms tumor in your child's family, then your child increases the risk of developing the disease.
Wilms tumor occurs more frequently in children with some abnormalities present at birth, including:
Aniridia In this situation, iris - the colorful part of the eye - is only partially or not formed at all.
Hemihypertrophy A condition that occurs when one side of the body is big enough on the other side.
Obsolete testicle One or both testes fail to fall into the scrotum (cryptychidism).
Hypoglycemia Opening the ureter is not at the tip of the penis but rather downwards.
Wilms may have a tumor as part of a rare syndrome, which includes:
WAGR syndrome. This syndrome includes Wilms tumors, anteridia, abnormalities of genitalia and urinary system, and mental retardation.
Dennis-Dras Syndrome This syndrome includes Wilms tumor, kidney disease and men's pseudoharmamaphraditism, in which a boy is born with the testicles, but the female can exhibit characteristics.
Beckwith-Wiedeman Syndrome Symptoms of this syndrome include the abdominal organs that spread on the basis of the umbilical cord, a large tongue (macroglosia) and increased internal organs.
Preparing for your application
Start by making an appointment with your family doctor or your child's pediatrician if your child has symptoms or symptoms that concern you. If your child has detected Wilms tumor, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of oncologist or a surgeon, who specializes in kidney surgery (urologist).
Because appointments can be abbreviated, and there is often too much ground to cover, it is a good idea to be well prepared. Here's some information to help you get prepared and what to expect from your doctor.
What can you do
Make a list of all the medicines, vitamins and supplements that your child is taking.
Ask a family member or friend to come with you. Sometimes it may be difficult to remember all information provided during the appointment. A person accompanying you can miss something that you forgot or forgot.
Write the questions asked by the doctor.
Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions will help you to maximize your time. List your questions from the most important to the least important if the time ends. For Wilms tumors, there are some basic questions to ask your doctor:
What is the most likely cause of my child's symptoms?
Are there other possible causes of these symptoms?
What type of tests do my child need? Do these tests require any special preparation?
What condition of my child's cancer is?
What treatments are available, and what do you recommend?
What types of side effects can I have with each treatment?
Is there a substitute for the primary approach that you are recommending?
Will I need to restrict the activity of my child or change his diet during the treatment?
What is my child's disease?
Will the cancer come back?
Is there a brochure or other printed material that I can take with me? Which websites do you recommend?
In addition to the questions prepared to ask your doctor, do not hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment.
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor has the possibility to ask your many questions. Being ready to answer them, you can reserve time to go to the points on which you want to spend more time. Your doctor may ask:
When did you notice your child's first symptoms?
Is there a history of cancer, including childhood cancer in your child's family?
Does your child have any family history of birth defects, especially of genital or urinary tract?
TESTS and DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose Wilm's tumor, your child's doctor may recommend:
A physical examination. Doctor Wilms will seek potential signs of tumor.
Blood and urine test. Wilms tumors can not be detected by blood tests, but they can provide to your child's doctor with the overall assessment of your child's health.
Imaging testing. Your child's kidney image test can help your doctor determine whether your child has a tumor in the kidney. Imaging tests may include ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Surgery If your child has a tumor in the kidney, your doctor may recommend removing the tumor or whole kidney, so that the tumor is cancerous. Deleted tissue is analyzed in a laboratory to determine whether cancer is present and what types of cells are included. This surgery can also work as Wilms tumor treatment.
Scaffolding
Once your child's doctor has diagnosed Wilms tumors, he works to determine the range (stage) of cancer. Your child's doctor can recommend chest x-ray, chest CT scan and bone scan so that it can be ascertained whether the cancer spreads beyond the kidneys or not.
The doctor provides a stage for your child's cancer, which helps in determining treatment options. The steps of the Wilms tumor are:
Stage I. Cancer is found only in one kidney and can usually be removed completely with surgery.
Stage II. Cancer has spread to tissues and structures near the affected kidneys, such as fat or blood vessels, but it can still be completely removed by surgery.
Stage III. The cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or other structures within the stomach beyond the area of the kidney, and it can not be completely removed by surgery.
Step IV Cancer has spread to distant structures, such as the lungs, liver, bones or brain.
Stage V. Cancer cells are found in both kidneys.
Treatment and practice
Treatment of Wilms tumors usually involves surgery and chemotherapy. But treatments can vary from the stage of cancer. Because this type of cancer is rare, so your doctor can advise that you take treatment at the children's cancer center, which has experience of treating this type of cancer.
Surgery to remove all or part of a kidney
Treatment of Wilms tumors usually begins with surgery to remove all or part of the kidney or nephrctomy. Surgery is also used to confirm the diagnosis, because the tissue extracted during surgery is sent to the laboratory to determine whether it is cancer.
Wilms can join the surgery for tumors:
Removing part of affected kidneys Partial nephrectomy involves the removal of the tumor and part of the kidney tissue surrounding it. Partial nephrectomy may be an option if your child's cancer is very small or if your child has only one kidney.
Removing affected kidneys and surrounding tissue In a radical nephrectomy, doctors remove kidneys and surrounding tissues, including urinary tract and adrenal gland. Neighboring lymph nodes can also be removed. The remaining kidney can increase its capacity and take up the entire work of filtering blood.
Removing all or some parts of the kidneys If your child has cancer for both kidneys, then the surgeon works to remove more cancer from both kidneys. In a small number, this could mean removing both kidneys, which means that your child will then go through kidney dialysis. A kidney transplant can be an option so your child does not need dialysis.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy treatment usually involves a combination of medicines that work together to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be taken through a vein or in the form of pill.
The experience of your child depends on which side effect of which medicines are used. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hair fall and frequent infections. Ask your child's doctor what side effects can occur during treatment, and if there are potentially long-term complications.
Chemotherapy can be used before surgery to make tumors easier to shrink and remove. Chemotherapy can be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells, which can remain in the body. Chemotherapy may also be an option for children whose cancer is advanced to remove completely with surgery.
Chemotherapy is given before children who have cancer in both kidneys. This may be more likely that surgeons can save at least one kidney to preserve the kidney function.
radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancers.
During radiation therapy, your child is stationed on a table and a large machine revolves around your child, which targets energy rays on cancer. Possible side effects include irritation of skin like nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and sunburn.
Radiation therapy can be used after surgery to kill deleted cancer cells during operation. Radiation therapy can also be an option to control cancer, which has spread to other areas of the body, where cancer spreads.
clinical trials
Your child's doctor may advise you to take part in clinical trials. These research studies give your child opportunities in the latest cancer cases, but they can not guarantee the treatment.
Discuss the benefits and risks of clinical trials with your child's doctor. Most children with cancerous blood in a clinical trial. However, enrollment in a clinical trial depends on you and your child.
Life and work of home
Wilms tumors can not be stopped by you or your baby.
If your child has signs and symptoms that increase the risk of Wilms tumor, your child's doctor may advise kidney ultrasound from time to time to see kidney abnormalities. While this screening can not prevent Wilms tumors, it can help in detecting the disease in the early stages, when the treatment is most likely to succeed.
Copying and supporting
Here are some suggestions from which you can guide your family:
To keep your child while waiting for you, bring a favorite toy or book for a visit to the office or clinic.
If possible, stay with your child during testing or treatment. Use the words to understand what it will be to understand.
Include time to play in your child's schedule. Playing in the hospital can be a useful outlet. In major hospitals there is usually a playroom for children who have treatment. Often members of the Playroom staff are part of the treatment team and take training in child development, entertainment, psychology or social work. If your child should stay in his room, then an entertainer or child-life worker may be available to go to bed.
Monitor the energy level of your child's hospital. If he feels well, then encourage involvement in regular activities. Occasionally your child will feel tired or unlisted, especially after chemotherapy or radiation, so also give time for adequate rest.
Keep a daily record of your child's situation at home - body temperature, energy level, sleeping methods, administered drugs and any side effects. Share this information with your child's doctor.
Plan a normal diet until your child's doctor otherwise suggests. Prepare a favorite meal whenever possible. If your child is undergoing chemotherapy, then his appetite may be reduced. Ensure that the intake of fluid is increased in order to combat the reduction in consumption of solid food.
Encourage good oral hygiene for your child. Rash of the mouth can be helpful for areas with lesions or bleeding. Use lip balm or petroleum jelly to calm torn lips. Ideally, your child should have the necessary dental care before treatment starts. Check with your child's doctor before deciding to visit the dentist.
Check with the doctor before any vaccination, because the immune system is affected by cancer.
Be prepared to talk about your illness with your other children. Tell them about the changes they can see in their siblings, such as hair fall and swinging energy.
Ask for support from the clinic or hospital staff. Find organizations for parents of cancer children. Parents who are already through it, can provide encouragement and hope, as well
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